«Прагнення реформ»: тюремні перетворення у Великій Британії у 70–х роках XVIII століття
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34015/2523-4552.2019.3.06Ключові слова:
Велика Британія, соціальні реформи, в’язниці, транспортація, пенітенціарний, каторжна працяАнотація
У статті проаналізовано суспільно-політичні умови, що призвели до перегляду англійської системи покарань, визначено причини та етапи тюремних перетворень у Великій Британії у 70-х роках XVIII ст., окреслено ідеї та погляди філософів, філантропів та правників (Семюеля Денна, Вільяма Сміта, Джонаса Хенуея, Вільяма Ідена, Вільяма Блекстона та ін.) щодо модернізації тюрем, їх внесок у формування концепту виправного покарання. Особлива увага приділена процесу розробки та основним положенням тюремних актів 1774 р., Акта про халки 1776 р., законопроєкту про каторжну працю 1778 р. та Пенітенціарного акта 1779 р.
Посилання
References
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2. McConville, S. A History of English Prison Administration: 1750–1877. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. 534 p.
3. Throness, L. A Protestant Purgatory: Theological Origins of the Penitentiary Act, 1779. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008. 379 p.
4. Hardman, P. The Origins of Late Eighteenth-Century Prison Reform in England. PhD thesis. Department of History. University of Sheffield. 2007. 236 р.
5. Balch-Lindsay, V. S. An orderly metropolis: the evolution of criminal justice in London, 1750–1830. A dissertation in history Texas Tech University, 1998. 444 p.
6. Draper, A. J. William Eden and leniency in punishment. History of Political Thought. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Spring 2001), P. 106–130.
7. Devereaux, S. The Making of the Penitentiary Act, 1775–1779. The Historical Journal. Vol. 42, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), P. 405–433.
8. Ignatieff, M. The Ideological Origins of the Penitentiary. Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory / Fitzgerald M., McLennan G., Pawson J. Routledge, 1981. P. 31–49.
9. Melossi, D., Pavarini, M. The Prison and the Factory. Origins of the Penitentiary System (Critical criminology series) / Translated by G. Cousin. London: The Macmillan Press LTD, 1981. 244 p.
10. Draper, A. J. Cesare Beccaria’s influence on English discussions of punishment, 1764–1789, «History of European Ideas», 26, 2000, P. 177–199 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-6599(01)00017-1.
11. Eden, W. Principles of Penal Law. London, 1771. 300 p.
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13. Blake, O. W. Sir William Blackstone. Yale Law Journal. 1919. Vol. 28. Issue 6. P. 542–566.
14. Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt about Gaol Fever URL: http://www.acrosswalls.org/section/communicative-walls/knowledge/john-howard/ (accessed: 10.09.2019).
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17. Montgomery, J. Verses to the Memory of the Late Richard Reynolds, of Bristol. London, 1817. P. 12 31 p.
18. Porter, R. ‘Howard’s beginning: prisons, disease, hygiene. Richard Creese, William F Bynum, J Bearn (eds). The health of prisoners: historical essays. Rodopi, Amsterdam & Atlanta 1995. P. 5–26.
19. Page, А. John Jebb and the Enlightenment Origins of British Radicalism. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 309 р.
20. Harris, R. Politics and the Nation: Britain in the Mid-Eighteenth Century. OUP Oxford. 2002. 404 p.
21. A plan for the establishment of charity-houses for exposed or deserted women and girls, and for penitent prostitutes: Observations concerning the Foundling-Hospital, shewing the ill consequences of giving public support thereto. Considerations relating to the poor and the poor's-laws of England; ... By J. Massie. London: printed for T. Payne; sold by W. Shropshire; W. Owen; and C. Henderson, 1758. 146 р.
22. Reverend Samuel Denne's A letter to Sir Robert Ladbroke, Knt, Senior Alderman, And One of the Representatives of the City of London. London, 1771. 83 p.
23. See: Sokalska, O. (2018). Origins of English prison reform (XVI–XVIII centuries). Bulletin of the Penitentiary Association of Ukraine, 4(6), 16–29 https://doi.org/https:10.34015/2523-4552.2018.4.02 [In Ukranian].
Сокальська, О. (2018). Витоки англійської тюремної реформи (XVI–XVIII століття). Вісник Пенітенціарної асоціації України, (4), 16-29. https://doi.org/https:10.34015/2523-4552.2018.4.02.
24. An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, ete, by B. Mandeville, 1725, 55 p.
25. Hanway, J. The Defects of Police, the Cause of Immorality, and the Continual Robberies committed, particularly in and about the Metropolis. London, 1775. 288 p.
26. Hanway, J. Solitude in Imprisonment: With Proper Profitable Labour and a Spare Diet, the Most Humane and Effectual Means of Bringing Malefactors, who Have Forfeited Their Lives, Or are Subject to Transportation, to a Right Sense of Their Condition; with Proposals for Salutary Prevention. London: Printed for J. Bew. 1776. 144 p.
27. Early American crime. The End of Convict Transportation: Convict Hulks. URL: http://www.earlyamericancrime.com/convict-transportation/end-of-transportation/convict-hulks (accessed: 15.09.2019).
28. Durston, G. J. Fields, Fens and Felonies: Crime and Justice in Eighteenth-Century East Anglia. Waterside P. 2017. 732 р.
29. Hitchcock, T., Shoemaker, R. London Lives: Poverty, Crime and the Making of a Modern City, 1690–1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 461 p.
30. An act to authorise for a limited time the punishment by hard labour of offenders who for certain crimes are or hall become liable to be transported to any of his Majesty's colonies and plantations. The statutes at large from the Magna Charta, to the end of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering. By Great Britain; Pickering, Danby. Т. 31. Cambridge. Р. 262–269.
31. Lock, F. P. Edmund Burke, Volume II: 1784–1797. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 605 p.
32. The country justice: containing the practice, duty and power of the justices of the peace, as well in as out of their sessions by Dalton, Michael, d. 1648?; Adams, John, 1735–1826, former owner. BRL; John Adams Library (Boston Public Library). 508 р.
33. State of the gaols in London, Westminster, and borough of Southwark : to which is added, An account of the present state of the convicts sentenced to hard labour on board the Justitia upon the river Thames, by William Smith, London: printed and sold by J. Bew. 1776. 90 p.
34. Mild punishments sound policy or observations on the laws relative to debtors and felons, ... The second edition, with an appendix, wherein hard labour, substituted in place of transportation, is elucidated ... By William Smith, London: printed and sold by J. Bew, 1778. 121 p.
35. Goldie, M., Wokler, R. The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought, Т. 1. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 919 p.
36. Howard, J. The state of the prisons in England and Wales: with preliminary observations, and an account of some foreign prisons. Warrington: Printed by William Eyres, 1777. 528 p.
37. Bentham, J. A View of the Hard Labour Bill (1778). The Works of Jeremy Bentham, published under the Superintendence of his Executor, John Bowring (Edinburgh: William Tait, 1838–1843). 11 vols. Vol. 4. P. 3–35.
38. The Statutes at Large from the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering, T. 32. 1778. P. 417–445.
39. The Statutes at Large: From the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering. By Great Britain; Pickering, Danby. Т. 34. Cambridge. Р. 732–740.
40. Semple, J. Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon Prison. Ph.D. thesis. London University. 1990. 375 р.
41. Davie, N. When was the prison? Thinking and rethinking the penitentiary in Britain, 1770–1850 (unpublished seminar paper, 2013) URL: https://www.academia.edu/3383786/_When_was_the_prison_Thinking_and_re-thinking_the_penitentiary_in_Britain_1770-1850_unpublished_seminar_paper_2013_(accessed: 25.10.2019)
1. Webb, S., Webb, B. English prisons under local government. London: Longmans, Green. 1922. 261 p.
2. McConville, S. A History of English Prison Administration: 1750–1877. Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981. 534 p.
3. Throness, L. A Protestant Purgatory: Theological Origins of the Penitentiary Act, 1779. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2008. 379 p.
4. Hardman, P. The Origins of Late Eighteenth-Century Prison Reform in England. PhD thesis. Department of History. University of Sheffield. 2007. 236 р.
5. Balch-Lindsay, V. S. An orderly metropolis: the evolution of criminal justice in London, 1750–1830. A dissertation in history Texas Tech University, 1998. 444 p.
6. Draper, A. J. William Eden and leniency in punishment. History of Political Thought. Vol. 22, No. 1 (Spring 2001), P. 106–130.
7. Devereaux, S. The Making of the Penitentiary Act, 1775–1779. The Historical Journal. Vol. 42, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), P. 405–433.
8. Ignatieff, M. The Ideological Origins of the Penitentiary. Crime and Society: Readings in History and Theory / Fitzgerald M., McLennan G., Pawson J. Routledge, 1981. P. 31–49.
9. Melossi, D., Pavarini, M. The Prison and the Factory. Origins of the Penitentiary System (Critical criminology series) / Translated by G. Cousin. London: The Macmillan Press LTD, 1981. 244 p.
10. Draper, A. J. Cesare Beccaria’s influence on English discussions of punishment, 1764–1789, «History of European Ideas», 26, 2000, P. 177–199 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-6599(01)00017-1.
11. Eden, W. Principles of Penal Law. London, 1771. 300 p.
12. Parliamentary Initiatives Motivated Howard’s Prison Investigations. URL: http://www.acrosswalls.org/howard-prison-investigations/ (accessed: 21.11.2018).
13. Blake, O. W. Sir William Blackstone. Yale Law Journal. 1919. Vol. 28. Issue 6. P. 542–566.
14. Fear, Uncertainty, and Doubt about Gaol Fever URL: http://www.acrosswalls.org/section/communicative-walls/knowledge/john-howard/ (accessed: 10.09.2019).
15. Discharged Prisoners Act of 1774. URL: http://www.acrosswalls.org/notes/discharged-prisoners-act-of-1774/ (accessed: 10.09.2019).
16. Creese, R., Bynum, W. F., Bearn J. The Health of Prisoners: Historical Essays. Amsterdam and Atlanta, GA Rodopi, 1995. 184 p.
17. Montgomery, J. Verses to the Memory of the Late Richard Reynolds, of Bristol. London, 1817. P. 12 31 p.
18. Porter, R. ‘Howard’s beginning: prisons, disease, hygiene. Richard Creese, William F Bynum, J Bearn (eds). The health of prisoners: historical essays. Rodopi, Amsterdam & Atlanta 1995. P. 5–26.
19. Page, А. John Jebb and the Enlightenment Origins of British Radicalism. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003. 309 р.
20. Harris, R. Politics and the Nation: Britain in the Mid-Eighteenth Century. OUP Oxford. 2002. 404 p.
21. A plan for the establishment of charity-houses for exposed or deserted women and girls, and for penitent prostitutes: Observations concerning the Foundling-Hospital, shewing the ill consequences of giving public support thereto. Considerations relating to the poor and the poor's-laws of England; ... By J. Massie. London: printed for T. Payne; sold by W. Shropshire; W. Owen; and C. Henderson, 1758. 146 р.
22. Reverend Samuel Denne's A letter to Sir Robert Ladbroke, Knt, Senior Alderman, And One of the Representatives of the City of London. London, 1771. 83 p.
23. See: Sokalska, O. (2018). Origins of English prison reform (XVI–XVIII centuries). Bulletin of the Penitentiary Association of Ukraine, 4(6), 16–29 https://doi.org/https:10.34015/2523-4552.2018.4.02 [In Ukranian].
Сокальська, О. (2018). Витоки англійської тюремної реформи (XVI–XVIII століття). Вісник Пенітенціарної асоціації України, (4), 16-29. https://doi.org/https:10.34015/2523-4552.2018.4.02.
24. An Enquiry into the Causes of the Frequent Executions at Tyburn, ete, by B. Mandeville, 1725, 55 p.
25. Hanway, J. The Defects of Police, the Cause of Immorality, and the Continual Robberies committed, particularly in and about the Metropolis. London, 1775. 288 p.
26. Hanway, J. Solitude in Imprisonment: With Proper Profitable Labour and a Spare Diet, the Most Humane and Effectual Means of Bringing Malefactors, who Have Forfeited Their Lives, Or are Subject to Transportation, to a Right Sense of Their Condition; with Proposals for Salutary Prevention. London: Printed for J. Bew. 1776. 144 p.
27. Early American crime. The End of Convict Transportation: Convict Hulks. URL: http://www.earlyamericancrime.com/convict-transportation/end-of-transportation/convict-hulks (accessed: 15.09.2019).
28. Durston, G. J. Fields, Fens and Felonies: Crime and Justice in Eighteenth-Century East Anglia. Waterside P. 2017. 732 р.
29. Hitchcock, T., Shoemaker, R. London Lives: Poverty, Crime and the Making of a Modern City, 1690–1800. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 461 p.
30. An act to authorise for a limited time the punishment by hard labour of offenders who for certain crimes are or hall become liable to be transported to any of his Majesty's colonies and plantations. The statutes at large from the Magna Charta, to the end of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering. By Great Britain; Pickering, Danby. Т. 31. Cambridge. Р. 262–269.
31. Lock, F. P. Edmund Burke, Volume II: 1784–1797. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 605 p.
32. The country justice: containing the practice, duty and power of the justices of the peace, as well in as out of their sessions by Dalton, Michael, d. 1648?; Adams, John, 1735–1826, former owner. BRL; John Adams Library (Boston Public Library). 508 р.
33. State of the gaols in London, Westminster, and borough of Southwark : to which is added, An account of the present state of the convicts sentenced to hard labour on board the Justitia upon the river Thames, by William Smith, London: printed and sold by J. Bew. 1776. 90 p.
34. Mild punishments sound policy or observations on the laws relative to debtors and felons, ... The second edition, with an appendix, wherein hard labour, substituted in place of transportation, is elucidated ... By William Smith, London: printed and sold by J. Bew, 1778. 121 p.
35. Goldie, M., Wokler, R. The Cambridge History of Eighteenth-Century Political Thought, Т. 1. Cambridge University Press, 2006. 919 p.
36. Howard, J. The state of the prisons in England and Wales: with preliminary observations, and an account of some foreign prisons. Warrington: Printed by William Eyres, 1777. 528 p.
37. Bentham, J. A View of the Hard Labour Bill (1778). The Works of Jeremy Bentham, published under the Superintendence of his Executor, John Bowring (Edinburgh: William Tait, 1838–1843). 11 vols. Vol. 4. P. 3–35.
38. The Statutes at Large from the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering, T. 32. 1778. P. 417–445.
39. The Statutes at Large: From the Magna Charta, to the End of the Eleventh Parliament of Great Britain, Anno 1761 [continued to 1806]. By Danby Pickering. By Great Britain; Pickering, Danby. Т. 34. Cambridge. Р. 732–740.
40. Semple, J. Jeremy Bentham's Panopticon Prison. Ph.D. thesis. London University. 1990. 375 р.
41. Davie, N. When was the prison? Thinking and rethinking the penitentiary in Britain, 1770–1850 (unpublished seminar paper, 2013) URL: https://www.academia.edu/3383786/_When_was_the_prison_Thinking_and_re-thinking_the_penitentiary_in_Britain_1770-1850_unpublished_seminar_paper_2013_(accessed: 25.10.2019)
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Сокальська, О. 2019. «Прагнення реформ»: тюремні перетворення у Великій Британії у 70–х роках XVIII століття. Вісник Пенітенціарної асоціації України. 3 (Груд 2019), 81–97. DOI:https://doi.org/10.34015/2523-4552.2019.3.06.
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