Forms of ensuring social security of modern Ukraine

Abstract

The article focuses on elucidating the practical content of the forms of ensuring state social security, aligning with the contemporary doctrine of social security in Ukraine. The author established that forms of ensuring social security in contemporary Ukraine are legal structures that take into account both existing and potential social risks and challenges, as well as the needs of the population at large and specific societal strata, in the social domain. They also consider the objectives and tasks of social law, along with the human-centered paradigm guiding the development of the state as a social welfare state. These forms of state social security provision should be comprehensive, coherently integrated legal constructs, effectively mirroring the system of social security forms and the overall capacity for rights and obligations realization under Ukraine's social law. Moreover, as the primary guarantor of social security, the state must devise and implement social policies in a manner that renders the forms of ensuring social security in modern Ukraine both objective and relatively stable (yet adaptable), constituting tangible and legally significant elements of reality. The article emphasizes that the forms of providing social security in contemporary Ukraine constitute a systemic entity. As such, these forms are amenable to classification, which aids in a more precise understanding of Ukraine’s social and legal regime of social security provision.

The author identifies four primary approaches to classifying these forms. The first approach involves categorizing the forms of state social security provision based on the structure of general forms of rights exercise (or the enactment of subjective rights and duties). The second approach classifies these forms with the extent of state involvement in social protection measures. The third approach organizes the forms of state social security provision based on their dynamic manifestation in-state activities for social security provision, further aligned with the forms of rights implementation. The fourth and final approach classifies the forms of state social security provision according to different areas of social protection. Among the various interpretative approaches to understanding the forms of social security provision, the most constructive at present is the classification aligned with the directions of social protection. Within this context, the forms of ensuring social security in the modern state are categorized into several distinct types, including: the public health protection form; the food security form; the housing provision form; the educational form; the material assistance form; the labor law form; the pension form, among others.