Solving problems of DNA identification of war victims at the pre-trial investigation stage

Abstract

In the article, the authors provide recommendations for investigators to address typical tactical tasks that arise at the pre-trial investigation stage in connection with DNA identification of war victims. The authors emphasise that due to the war, tactical tasks of identifying a person using DNA analysis are faced by investigators much more often than before. Solving such problems is characterised by increased complexity. In most cases, this is due to an indefinite range of objects for comparison. In such circumstances, it is necessary to use the entire available arsenal of forensic DNA analysis tools. In particular, it is necessary to use specialised knowledge by conducting rapid DNA testing by forensic specialists, conducting forensic molecular genetic examination and checking the forensic DNA database. At the stage of pre-trial investigation, typical situations in which relevant tactical tasks arise include: the discovery of a corpse of an unknown person who cannot be identified by other methods; the discovery of body fragments and parts; the disappearance of a person under circumstances that may indicate his or her death; the presence of a person who cannot provide information about himself or herself, etc. For each situation, an algorithm of actions should be applied to optimise the choice of ways to solve the tasks. In particular, it is important to obtain postmortem and lifetime samples of biological material, conduct research by forensic specialists using rapid DNA testing devices, fill and use local DNA databases and central records of human genomic information. If partial matches of DNA profiles are found in the database, investigators and prosecutors should take action on the recommendations of experts to obtain biological samples from relatives as a priority for further research. Consultations with experts in the field of forensic genetics at all stages of the pre-trial investigation may be useful.