THE HISTORY OF THE PRISON SERVICE, THE EXPERIENCE OF FUNCTIONING IN THE WORLD

Abstract

The article describes the historical development of the penitentiary system in the light of the determinants of conditions that contributed to the improvement of the system of prisons. For example, US analyzes the main problems that arise in the operation of the prison system.

It is believed that the modern prison system was born in the United States at the end of the XVIII century, although prison as such including single, appeared earlier, for example, at the end of the XVI century in the Netherlands in the form of a so-called hard 'prison. American bourgeoisie, overcoming conservatism made penitentiary system more «flexible».

The first in the history of modern bourgeois prisons believe created in 1786 in Philadelphia prison. This prison was recognized by the state legislature Pennsylvania as a place of imprisonment of criminals and moved the jurisdiction of the local courts. Hence, the first prison system, known as Philadelphia, Pennsylvania or system.

To date, a penalty of imprisonment in the US carried out in correctional institutions, which are in federal prison, prisons, state and local (county and municipal) prison. The modern prison system has kept US influence pensilvano-obornskoyi system: prisons used harsh measures to maintain order, but there are also some elements of progressive system of punishment. Recently, the US prison system faced a significant increase in the number of prisoners in correctional facilities.

US penal system has a number of problems today, particularly too many prisoners. Yes, Calif most reduced number of prisoners (more than 15 thousand people), but it is not reduced the severity of the crisis, which is its prison system. The prisons were so overcrowded that the US Supreme Court handed down a verdict on the need to reduce the number of prisoners. It is significant that, according to the court, California can not cage over 110 thousand people (despite the fact that at the time of the verdict in prisons contained 160 thousand), it is, nevertheless, 137.5 percent of the number of HC yaznenyh where these prisons are calculated.